BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//pretalx//talks.staging.osgeo.org//foss4g-europe-2024-academic-tra ck//speaker//SMMFEV BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:EET BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20000101T000000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=1;UNTIL=20001231T220000Z TZNAME:EET TZOFFSETFROM:+0200 TZOFFSETTO:+0200 END:STANDARD BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20021027T050000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10 TZNAME:EET TZOFFSETFROM:+0300 TZOFFSETTO:+0200 END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20020331T040000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=3 TZNAME:EEST TZOFFSETFROM:+0200 TZOFFSETTO:+0300 END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:pretalx-foss4g-europe-2024-academic-track-QCWX9W@talks.staging.osgeo.or g DTSTART;TZID=EET:20240703T113000 DTEND;TZID=EET:20240703T120000 DESCRIPTION:The effects of climate change\, together with human activities\ , are stressing many natural resources. Such effects are altering distribu tion patterns\, such as precipitation\, and known dynamics in all natural spheres (Hydrosphere\, Biosphere\, Lithosphere\, and Atmosphere). The moni toring of environmental parameters is becoming of primary importance to be tter understand the changes that we need to address. Satellite images\, la boratory analysis of samples\, and high-end real-time monitoring systems o ffer solutions to this problem. However\, often such solutions require pro prietary tools to better exploit data and interact with them. The open sci ence paradigm fosters accessibility to data\, scientific results\, and too ls at all levels of society. Hence\, in this project\, we aimed to apply s uch an approach to aid in managing a new phenomenon affecting Lake Lugano\ , primarily caused by the increase in water temperatures and the high load of nutrients from human activities. In fact\, over the past years and par ticularly in 2023\, distributed Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) appeared on th e lake\, raising awareness of this phenomenon that can be dangerous for hu man and animal health. Since HABs are distributed on the water lake surfac e\, an open source cost-effective solution based on open hardware\, softwa re and standards can potentially increase the spatial resolution to collec t more dense measurements. The excessive algae growth could be composed by Cyanobacteria which can produce a wide range of toxic metabolities\, incl uding microcystins (MCs). These cyanotoxins\, whose negative effect can be both acute at high concentrations and at low doses (Chen et al.\, 2009\; Li et al.\, 2011)\, are produced by common species in Lake Lugano. Among t hese\, the most problematic is Microcystis\, as it can give rise to blooms during the summer period that accumulate along the shores due to wind and currents. In these areas\, the risk of exposure to people and animals is higher\, especially in bathing areas. Considering the potential risks to h uman and animal health\, in this project an open early warning monitoring system has been designed and built upon previous experiences in water lake monitoring (Strigaro et al.\, 2022) by leveraging the benefits derived fr om the application of open science principles. \nMost monitoring plans use microscopic counts of cyanobacteria as an indicator of toxicity risk. How ever\, these analyses are time-consuming\, therefore\, in addition to or a s an alternative to classical methods\, sensors capable of measuring algal pigments are increasingly being used. In particular\, phycocyanin (PC)\, characteristic of cyanobacteria\, can be used as an indicator of cyanobact erial biomass\, thus estimating the potential exceedance of critical level s of microcystins. Based on previous studies\, this project aimed to devel op a high-frequency sensor-based early warning system for real-time detect ion of phycocyanin in surface waters for bathing use. In particular\, the study aimed to i) develop a pilot system for real-time phycocyanin surveil lance\, using a high-frequency fluorimeter positioned below the surface ne ar a bathing beach\; ii) develop a data management software that automatic ally notifies the exceeding of predicted phycocyanin risk thresholds\; iii ) test the system during cyanobacterial blooms\, comparing the measured ph ycocyanin values with microcystin concentrations.\nThe hardware solution c onsists of a Raspberry Pi connected to a Trilux fluorimeter by Chelsea Tec hnologies\, which allows the measurement of three algal pigments (Chloroph yll-a\, Phycocyanin\, and Phycoerythrin)\, along with a module for transmi tting data using NB-IoT. On the node\, leveraging the concept of edge comp uting\, the istSOS software has been installed. istSOS is an open-source P ython implementation of the Sensor Observation Service of the Open Geospat ial Consortium\, fostering data sharing and interoperability. Raw data are retrieved from the sensor every minute and then stored in the local insta nce of istSOS. Simultaneously\, a simple on-the-fly quality control is act ivated to flag each value with a quality index. The data are then aggregat ed every 10 minutes and transmitted every 15 minutes to the data warehouse . On the server side\, another instance of istSOS is hosted to provide dat a for reports\, post-processing validation\, and the early warning system. Additionally\, the open-source software Grafana has been explored to set up alerts based on three different thresholds. Each threshold has been dev eloped including a hypothetical bathing water management plan\, and they a re expressed as follows:\n\n 1. Monitoring - PC threshold of 3.4 Chl-a eq µg/L\, corresponding to a value of 5 μg/L of MCs (with PC greater tha n Chl-a). This threshold defines abundant phytoplankton growth with domina nce of cyanobacteria. Upon exceeding this threshold\, frequent monitoring of the situation and identification of the dominant genus is recommended t o predict its potential toxicity.\n\n 2. Alert - PC threshold of 6.7 Ch l-a eq µg/L\, corresponding to a value of 10 μg/L of MCs. This threshold defines abundant cyanobacterial growth and the potential onset of a bloom . Upon exceeding this threshold\, site inspection\, identification of the dominant genus\, and cyanotoxin analysis are recommended.\n\n 3. Prohib ition - PC threshold of 13.4 Chl-a eq µg/L\, corresponding to a value of 20 μg/L of MCs. This threshold defines an ongoing cyanobacterial bloom. U pon exceeding this threshold\, the toxic risk is at its maximum\, as we ar e approaching the maximum limits imposed for the bathing prohibition. Ther efore\, temporary bathing prohibition is recommended until confirmation of bloom toxicity with verification of any exceeding of the World Health Org anization limit of 25 μg/L of MCs.\n\nThe adoption of open hardware\, sof tware\, and standards allows the implementation of a toolchain that can be easily replicated. The promising results and openness of the solution wil l permit further expansion of the network to help decision makers and rese archer to better manage and study this phenomena using sensor data. The so lution can also effectively increase citizen awareness by implementing kit s that local stakeholders can use to monitor the status of the lake water\ , providing additional data. DTSTAMP:20260417T104531Z LOCATION:Omicum SUMMARY:An open early-warining system prototype to help in management and s tudy algal blooms on Lake Lugano - Daniele Strigaro URL:https://talks.staging.osgeo.org/foss4g-europe-2024-academic-track/talk/ QCWX9W/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR