BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//pretalx//talks.staging.osgeo.org//foss4g-2024//talk//3ZRTRG
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:-03
BEGIN:STANDARD
DTSTART:20000101T000000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=1
TZNAME:-03
TZOFFSETFROM:-0300
TZOFFSETTO:-0300
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
UID:pretalx-foss4g-2024-3ZRTRG@talks.staging.osgeo.org
DTSTART;TZID=-03:20241206T140000
DTEND;TZID=-03:20241206T143000
DESCRIPTION:Cities can be characterized as an extremely complex and dynamic
  environment\, which integrates multiple interdependent factors and presen
 ts a significant challenge in the development and monitoring of public pol
 icies. To deal with this complexity and ensure truly effective policies\, 
 data-driven decision-making is essential. Cities produce a large volume of
  data that is crucial for informing these policies. However\, many cities 
 face significant challenges in collecting and analyzing quality data due t
 o a lack of technical and human resources. Furthermore\, while tabular dat
 a is important\, it often fails to capture the complex contextual layers p
 resent in the urban territory. Geospatial information provides a deeper an
 d more contextualized understanding of the urban context\, enriching the d
 ecision-making process and promoting more effective public policies.\nWith
 in the complexity of city management\, safe and sustainable mobility incre
 asingly stands out as an area demanding special attention\, primarily due 
 to the challenge of addressing the issue of premature road traffic deaths 
 and injuries. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that more than
  1.19 million people die in traffic worldwide every year — in Brazil\, t
 here are over 30\,000 annual victims.\nThe Safe System and Vision Zero App
 roach\, which advocate that no death or serious injury in traffic is accep
 table\, illustrate the complexity of urban mobility. The concept involves 
 several areas of action that must be worked on in an integrated manner\, i
 ncluding safe road infrastructure and urban design. Therefore\, understand
 ing all layers of the territory is essential for identifying risk areas\, 
 planning effective interventions\, and monitoring results\, ensuring that 
 mobility contributes to building a safer urban environment.\nThe complexit
 y of cities and the need to deeply understand the various aspects that com
 prise them make territorial analysis an indispensable component in the dat
 a and evidence-based decision-making process. By collecting and using data
  to identify critical areas\, for example\, it is possible to effectively 
 propose road safety actions and public policies aligned with the Safe Syst
 ems approach. For this reason\, the Cordial Institute sought to create a m
 ethodology for interpreting the territory to facilitate road safety analys
 es and offer valuable data-based information. This way\, it is possible to
  directly assist municipalities in developing public policies that promote
  safer mobility in Brazilian cities.\nThis methodology\, named ‘Structur
 als’\, assumes that the road system is not uniform but divided between i
 ntersections and mid-blocks (structurals)\, each having different interact
 ions in the urban environment. Road intersections\, for example\, are area
 s of many encounters between different road users\, which can sometimes le
 ad to conflicting situations. These conflicts can result in traffic incide
 nts and\, therefore\, this dynamic deserves significant attention. On the 
 other hand\, mid-blocks have different behaviors\, such as increased vehic
 le acceleration or pedestrians crossing outside designated areas\, so it i
 s also important in analyses in a complementary way to intersections’.\n
 The processing of structurals requires a few spatial databases that are co
 mmonly developed by municipalities: road blocks\, central median/divider (
 if the road block base does not contain this information)\, and road axis.
  With this\, it is possible to generate a tool with significant analytical
  impact using easily processed data from municipalities.\nTo georeference 
 this dynamic\, it is necessary to trace the road axis to identify where th
 ey meet (intersections) and where they are continuous (mid-blocks). Using 
 PostGIS\, the geospatial data extension of PostgreSQL\, both free and open
 -source\, a geospatial processing is performed where perpendicular lines t
 o the roadblock polygons are drawn\, meeting at an equivalent geometric di
 stance point. Lines are drawn every meter along the roadblock face\, resul
 ting in several points located at the road's central axis. These points ar
 e connected by lines forming the road axes. When they intersect\, they are
  identified as a road intersection.\nFrom the geoprocessing\, intersection
  areas are drawn in an open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) pro
 gram\, QGis. These areas are ‘buffers’ created from the points generat
 ed by the geometric operations\, and have their design adapted if they int
 ersect\, not being limited only to the geometric point created by the axis
  crossing — it is not a simple buffer around each crossing but is dissol
 ved to adapt to the road's morphology. This process identifies a primary c
 haracteristic of the road system intersections that can be included in ter
 ritorial analyses: the intersection profile\, or how many approaches each 
 intersection has\, making it more or less complex proportional to the numb
 er of approaches.\nOnce the areas considered intersections are established
 \, the street axes not present in this area are extracted and become mid-b
 locks. In other words\, mid-blocks are defined after the intersections' ge
 ometric definition\, as their geometric opposite.\nFrom the structurals' d
 esign\, it is possible to pair with all available geographic territorial i
 nformation. The more data provided by municipalities\, the greater the ter
 ritory's knowledge and the possibility of relating these variables. Each s
 tructural has characteristics that make more sense to be deepened. In inte
 rsections\, traffic lights\, bus or cycling infrastructure\, road hierarch
 ies\, and pedestrian crossings can be paired. In mid-blocks\, the road wid
 th\, road hierarchy\, speed limit\, electronic surveillance presence\, spe
 ed reducers\, block face length\, etc.\, can be paired.\nPairing informati
 on with structurals helps identify profiles of these spaces and create ins
 ights into road crashes in Brazilian municipalities. With this pairing\, i
 t is possible to analyze the distribution of road events between intersect
 ions or mid-blocks and their characteristics\, the severity of occurrences
 \, and identify critical points that should be prioritized in public polic
 ies. Additionally\, it is an essential tool for effectiveness analyses and
  creating comparison groups for monitoring interventions. For example\, wi
 th intersection structurals\, it was possible to identify crossings with s
 imilar characteristics in São Paulo to evaluate whether those that receiv
 ed the "Frente Segura" intervention had a reduction in traffic incidents. 
 The same was done with the "Melhor Uso do Leito Viário (MULV)" interventi
 ons carried out in mid-blocks of the city. These and other uses of the str
 ucturals can be seen on the publication page of the Brazilian Mobility Pan
 el\, from the Cordial Institute.
DTSTAMP:20260428T075812Z
LOCATION:Room I
SUMMARY:Leveraging Geospatial Street Data for Effective Urban Mobility Poli
 cies: A Comprehensive Methodology for Road Safety Analysis in Brazilian Ci
 ties Through Geoprocessing - Luis Fernando Villaça Meyer\, Beatriz Gonça
 lves
URL:https://talks.staging.osgeo.org/foss4g-2024/talk/3ZRTRG/
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR