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UID:pretalx-foss4g-2024-academic-track-WRGQFQ@talks.staging.osgeo.org
DTSTART;TZID=-03:20241204T174500
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DESCRIPTION:Marine mammals occur in low densities and usually in areas that
  are difficult to access. One of the main sources of information for marin
 e mammals are stranded animals. However\, strandings are rare events and t
 o be biologically meaningful they need to be accumulated over large distan
 ces\, long times\, or both. This work describes SIMMAM (Sistema de Apoio a
 o Monitoramento de Mamíferos Marinhos)\, a project aimed at organizing a 
 database of marine mammal sightings and strandings along the Brazilian coa
 st and available at https://libgeo.univali.br/simmam. It began as an inter
 nal research project by UNIVALI but now is used by IBAMA and ICMBio. Its i
 nitial implementation has already been described [Moraes\, 2005\; Barreto 
 et al.\, 2006]. However\, it was almost completely rewritten since its ini
 tial implementation and SIMMAM 3.0 now conforms to the DarwinCore (DwC) st
 andard\, which is an international scientific initiative of the Taxonomic 
 Database Working Group - TDWG. The data architecture adopted is compatible
  with GBIF\, which allows SIMMAM to become a data publisher of marine mamm
 al occurrences.\nFor the development of SIMMAM 3.0 free source code tools 
 were adopted. On the server side\, PHP 7.4 was used with Symfony 5.x frame
 work. For the web client side\, the site is rendered on the server side an
 d delivered to the browser as an HTML + JavaScript page with Bootstrap 5. 
 The data exchange API was also implemented in PHP\, following the XML stan
 dard of DwC. Data is stored in PostgreSQL 11.x with PostGIS 3.x which allo
 ws manipulation of geospatialized data. Tables were structured according t
 o the DwC standard\, to reduce the complexity of the communication API.\nA
 s all occurrences in SIMMAM need to have a geographic position\, the main 
 interface for users to view the data is through an interactive WebGIS. The
  implemented WebGIS has filters by taxon and by type of occurrence (sighti
 ng\, stranding\, incidental capture) to allow users to focus on specific d
 ata. To better display areas with high density of records without generati
 ng visual clutter\, the occurrence layer was clustered\, grouping and ungr
 ouping records according to the zoom level. Leaflet Map [Agafonkin\, 2020]
  was used with the OpenStreetMap base map\, as it is a modern map engine\,
  has functionalities optimized for mobile devices\, and does not have any 
 external dependency. Leaflet supports multiple layers and is compatible wi
 th the Open Geospational Consortium (OGC) standard such as support for map
  mosaics\, georeferenced images\, WMS [Leaflet\, 2020] and GeoJSON [IETF\,
  2021].\nOne key aspect of biological information is the taxonomic identif
 ication. To avoid taxonomic instability in SIMMAM\, it uses the taxonomic 
 list provided by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System – ITIS (www
 .itis.gov). As the taxonomic classification of mammals is very stable\, it
  was decided to keep a copy of the ITIS database locally to reduce latency
 \, being updated on demand. \nThe types of occurrence records currently su
 pported by SIMMAM are stranding\, incidental capture and sightings. All th
 ese occurrence records have fields for defining the best taxonomic level\,
  geo-referencing the occurrence\, information on biological material colle
 cted and the person responsible for the data. Stranding and incidental cap
 ture records contain information regarding the state of the animal (alive 
 or dead)\, the condition of the carcass (decomposition stage)\, sex and le
 ngth. For sightings it is possible to inform environmental parameters such
  as weather condition\, sea state\, wind speed\, as well as if it was a si
 ngle animal\, part of a group and group size.\nThe first version of SIMMAM
  was made available in 2007 to the Centro Mamíferos Aquáticos - CMA\, th
 at started to use it as the main tool to integrate data for the Brazilian 
 Stranding Network of Aquatic Mammals (Rede de Encalhes de Mamíferos Aquá
 ticos do Brasil\, REMAB). On the same year\, SIMMAM was presented to the t
 hen General Coordination of Oil and Gas (Coordenação Geral de Petróleo 
 e Gás – CGPEG)\, current General Coordination of Marine and Coastal Ent
 erprises (Coordenação-Geral de Licenciamento Ambiental de Empreendimento
 s Marinhos e Costeiros – CGMAC)\, that used it to aggregate and organize
  marine mammal sighting data generated by marine mammal observers [Barreto
  et al.\, 2019\; Britto\; 2009]. Presently\, sighting data are regularly u
 ploaded to SIMMAM directly by the licensed companies. \nAs of June 2024\, 
 SIMMAM has 423 active users and holds 75\,340 aquatic mammal records. Of t
 hese\, 61% records are private\, but this proportion is very different dep
 ending on the type of record. For strandings\, that are in most part submi
 tted by research institutions\, 91% are private as they are the results of
  individual efforts. But for sightings 61% are public\, as they come mostl
 y from the oil industry as part of the environmental licensing of their op
 erations\, and they mirror the public reports that have been delivered to 
 IBAMA. As mentioned before\, all the data held in the SIMMAM database\, re
 gardless of its public availability\, can be seen by Brazilian environment
 al agencies (IBAMA and ICMBio). \nThe option to allow government agencies 
 to use the whole dataset is extremely important for management purposes\, 
 as it enables environmental agencies to use even unpublished data generate
 d by research institutions. But as the data is not available for the gener
 al public\, it does not compromise their future use in academic publicatio
 ns. Also\, a limited visualization of private data in the WebGIS\, where d
 etails of the record such as species and date are not shown\, serves as an
  indication for other researchers that a specific institution has data on 
 marine mammals in a specific area\, fostering collaborations among institu
 tions.\nWe believe that presenting this work at FOSS4G 2024 will allow us 
 to discuss SIMMAM with the geospatial community and receive input to furth
 er improve the system. It shows a successful implementation of open geospa
 tial technologies that is being used both by government and the academic c
 ommunity.
DTSTAMP:20260513T083939Z
LOCATION:Room V
SUMMARY:SIMMAM 3.0 – Updating the Toolbox for the Conservation of Marine 
 Mammals - Alencar Cabral
URL:https://talks.staging.osgeo.org/foss4g-2024-academic-track/talk/WRGQFQ/
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